ํ๋ก์ ํธ ๋ชฉํ: ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํดํ๊ณ ๋ด๋ถ ์๋์ ๋ํด ๋ฐฐ์ธ ์ ์๋ค.
ํ๋ก์ ํธ ์๊ตฌ ์ฌํญ: ๋คํธ์ํฌ ๊ด๋ จ ์จ๋ผ์ธ ํด์ฆ๋ฅผ ํ์ด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Netwhat ์ฐ์ต ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ํ์ด๋ณด๊ณ ๊ด๋ จ ๋ด์ฉ์ ์ ๋ฆฌํ๋ ค ํ๋ค.
1. IP Address
1-1) IPv4์ IPv6
Q. What is the size of an IPv4 address?
- 128 bits
- 32 bits
- 64 miles
- 16 bits
- 8 bits
- 64 bytes
- 128 bytes
Answer: 32 bits
Q. What is the size of an IPv6 address?
- 128 bits
- 32 bits
- 64 miles
- 16 bits
- 8 bits
- 64 bytes
- 128 bytes
Answer : 128 bits
1-2) ๋ฃจํ๋ฐฑ ์ฃผ์
Q. To the test IP stack on your local host, which IP address would you ping?
- 127.0.0.0
- 1.0.0.127
- 127.0.0.1
- 127.0.0.255
Answer : 127.0.0.1
ํ์ด) local host๋ ์ปดํจํฐ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์์ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ๋ฃจํ๋ฐฑ ํธ์คํธ๋ช ์ผ๋ก, ์์ ์ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ฅผ ์๋ฏธํ๋ค. ์์ ์ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ฅผ ์ค์ค๋ก ์๋ฒ๋ก ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ๊ทธ ์ปดํจํฐ์์ ์ฝ์ ๋ณด๋ด ์๋ต์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์๋ ๊ฒ์ ๋งํ๋ค. ์ฆ ๋คํธ์ํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถํ์ง ์๊ณ ๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ์ฒ๋ผ ์๋ต์ ๋ณด๋ด๊ณ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ปํ๋ค. IPv4์์๋ ๋ฃจํ๋ฐฑ ์ฃผ์๋ 127.0.0.1์ด๋ค.
1-3) IP Class
Q. What is the default IP address class available?
- A AND B
- FIRST
- C
- B
Answer : C
ํ์ด) ์ ํํ ์ง๋ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง๋ง defaul IP address๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๊ธ๋ง ํ๋ฉด 192.168.0.1 ๋์ค๋ ๊ฑธ ํ์ธํ ์ ์๋๋ฐ ์ด IP ์ฃผ์๋ ๋๋ถ๋ถ์ ๋ผ์ฐํฐ ์ ํ๋ค์ default IP ์ฃผ์๋ก ์ฐ์ธ๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค. 192.168.0.1์ C ํด๋์ค์ ํด๋นํ๋ IP ์ฃผ์ ๊ฐ์ด๋ค.
Q. Which IP address class has more host addresses available by default?
- C
- D
- E
- F
- FIRST(A)
Answer : FIRST(A)
ํ์ด) IP Class๋ ํ๋์ IP ์ฃผ์์์ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์์ญ๊ณผ ํธ์คํธ ์์ญ์ ๋๋๋ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ด์, ์ฝ์์ด๋ค. A ํด๋์ค๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ IP๋ก ์ฌ์ฉ๋๋ ์ฒซ ์ฅํ ์ ์ ์ธํ ๋๋จธ์ง ์ธ ์ฅํ ์ ํธ์คํธ IP๋ก ์ฌ์ฉํ ์ ์์ผ๋ฏ๋ก ์ ์ผ ๋ง์ ํธ์คํธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์๋ค.
Q. Which of this is not a class of IP address?
- Class D
- Class F
- Class C
- Class E
Answer : Class F
2. Subnetting
2-1) ์๋ธ๋ท ๋ง์คํฌ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฒ
Q. What is the CIDR notation of the 255.255.128.0 subnet mask?
- /8
- /16
- /9
- /17
Answer : /17
ํ์ด) 11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000 -> 1์ ๊ฐ์: 17๊ฐ
Q. What is the CIDR notation of the 255.255.192.0 subnet mask?
- /5
- /31
- /18
- /14
Answer : /18
ํ์ด) 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 -> 1์ ๊ฐ์: 18๊ฐ
Q. What is the subnet mask of /24?
- 255.255.255.255
- 255.255.255.0
- 255.0.0.0
- 255.255.128.0
- 255.192.0.0
- 255.224.0.0
Answer : 255.255.255.0
2-2) ๋คํธ์ํฌ/๋ธ๋ก๋์บ์คํธ ์ฃผ์ ๊ตฌํ๊ธฐ
Q. What is the network address of a host with an IP address of 182.161.121.118/24?
- 180.0.0.0
- 182.161.121.64
- 182.161.120.0
- 182.161.121.116
- 0.0.0.0
- 182.161.96.0
- 182.160.0.0
- 182.161.121.0
Answer : 182.161.121.0
ํ์ด) 182.161.121.118๊ณผ 255.255.255.0๋ฅผ AND ์ฐ์ฐํ๋ฉด 182.161.121.0์ด๋ค.
Q. What is the network address of a host with an IP address of 107.212.146.212/25?
- 107.212.146.208
- 107.128.0.0
- 0.0.0.0
- 64.0.0.0
- 107.212.128.0
- 107.212.146.128
- 107.212.0.0
- 107.208.0.0
- 107.212.146.192
Answer : 107.212.146.128
ํ์ด) 107.212.146.212๊ณผ 255.255.255.128๋ฅผ AND ์ฐ์ฐํ๋ฉด 107.212.146.128์ด๋ค.
Q. What is the network address of a host with an IP address of 166.175.144.121/23?
- 166.128.0.0
- 166.175.144.0
- 166.175.144.96
- 128.0.0.0
- 166.174.0.0
- 166.0.0.0
- 166.0.0.0
- 166.175.144.120
Answer : 166.175.144.0
ํ์ด) 166.175.144.121๊ณผ 255.255.254.0๋ฅผ AND ์ฐ์ฐํ๋ฉด 166.175.144.0์ด๋ค.
Q. What is the network address of a host with an IP address of 116.45.224.50/8?
- 116.0.1.0
- 116.0.0.0
- 116.255.255.0
- 116.255.255.255
Answer : 116.0.0.0
ํ์ด) 116.45.224.50๊ณผ 255.0.0.0๋ฅผ AND ์ฐ์ฐํ๋ฉด 116.0.0.0์ด๋ค.
Q. What is the network address of a host with an IP address of 45.195.37.187/16?
- 45.194.37.187
- 45.0.0.0
- 45.194.0.0
- 45.195.0.0
Answer : 45.195.0.0
ํ์ด) 45.195.37.187๊ณผ 255.255.0.0๋ฅผ AND ์ฐ์ฐํ๋ฉด 45.195.0.0์ด๋ค.
Q. What is the broadcast address of a host with an IP address of 51.254.122.100/24?
- 51.254.122.0
- 51.254.122.1
- 51.254.122.254
- 51.254.122.255
Answer : 51.254.122.255
ํ์ด) ์๋ธ๋ท ๋ง์คํฌ 255.255.255.0์ 0์ธ ๋ชจ๋ ๋ถ๋ถ์ 1๋ก ๋ค์ง์ ๊ฒ์ ์ญ์ง์๋ 255์ด๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ 51.254.122.255์ด๋ค.
2-3) ํธ์คํธ ๊ฐ์์ ์ฃผ์ ๋ฒ์ ๊ตฌํ๊ธฐ
Q. What is the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned to hosts on a local subnet using the 255.255.255.128 subnet mask?
- 128
- 60
- 126
- 62
- 252
- 258
- 124
- 58
- 64
Answer : 126
ํ์ด) IP๋ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์์ญ๊ณผ ํธ์คํธ ์์ญ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ ์ง๋๋ฐ ์๋ธ๋ท ๋ง์คํฌ๊ฐ 1์ธ ์์ญ์ด ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์์ญ์ด๊ณ 0์ธ ์์ญ์ด ํธ์คํธ ์์ญ์ด๋ค.
ํธ์คํธ ์์ญ์์ ํธ์คํธ IP์ ๊ฐ์๋ ์๋ธ๋ท ๋ง์คํฌ์ 0์ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ์ง์๋ก ํ๋ 2์ ๊ฑฐ๋ญ์ ๊ณฑ์์ ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ฃผ์์ ๋ธ๋ก๋์บ์คํธ ์ฃผ์, ์ฆ 2๋ฅผ ๋บ ๊ฐ์ด๋ค. ์์์ผ๋ก ๋ํ๋ด๋ฉด ๋ค์๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ค. 2^(32 - 25) - 2 = 128 - 2 = 126
Q. What is the maximum number of IP addresses that can be assigned to hosts on a local subnet using the 255.224.0.0 subnet mask?
- 4194306
- 4194302
- 1048578
- 4194300
- 2097148
- 4194298
- 1048574
- 2097150
- 1048576
Answer : 2097150
ํ์ด) 2^(32 - 11) - 2 = 2097152 - 2 = 2097150
Q. You have an interface on a router with the IP address of 124.144.156.248/21. Including the router interface, how many hosts can have IP addresses on the local network connected to the router interface?
- 1020
- 2050
- 2044
- 4090
- 2046
- 2048
- 4092
- 2042
- 4094
Answer : 2046
ํ์ด) 2^(32 - 21) - 2 = 2048 - 2 = 2046
Q. You have an interface on a router with the IP address of 240.19.3.205/12. Including the router interface, how many hosts can have IP addresses on the local network connected to the router interface?
- 1048576
- 2097154
- 1048574
- 524284
- 1048578
- 2097148
- 1048572
Answer : 1048574
ํ์ด) 2^(32 - 12) - 2 = 1048576 - 2 = 1048574
Q. Which of the following proposals is the valid host range for the subnet on which the IP address 158.167.18.156/15 resides?
- 158.166.0.1 ~ 158.167.255.253
- 158.165.255.253 ~ 158.167.255.254
- 158.166.0.1 ~ 158.167.255.254
- 158.166.0.2 ~ 158.168.0.2
Answer : 158.166.0.1 ~ 158.167.255.254
Solution : (Network)158.166.0.0 (Broadcast) 158.167.255.255
ํ์ด) 158.167.18.156์ /15๋ฅผ ์ ์ฉํ๋ฉด ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ฃผ์๋ 158.166.0.0, ๋ธ๋ก๋์บ์คํธ ์ฃผ์๋ 158.167.255.255์์ ๊ตฌํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ํธ์คํธ ๋ฒ์๋ 158.166.0.1 ~ 158.167.255.254์ด๋ค.
Q. Which of the following proposals is the valid host range for the subnet on which the IP address 1.93.149.6/17 resides?
- 1.93.127.255 ~ 1.93.255.250
- 1.93.128.1 ~ 1.94.0.1
- 1.93.128.1 ~ 1.93.255.251
- 1.93.128.1 ~ 1.93.255.254
- 1.93.128.1 ~ 1.94.0.3
Answer : 1.93.128.1 ~ 1.93.255.254
Solution : (Network)1.93.128.0 (Broadcast) 1.93.255.255
ํ์ด) 1.93.149.6์ /17๋ฅผ ์ ์ฉํ๋ฉด ๋คํธ์ํฌ ์ฃผ์๋ 1.93.128.0, ๋ธ๋ก๋์บ์คํธ ์ฃผ์๋ 1.93.255.255์์ ๊ตฌํ ์ ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ํธ์คํธ ๋ฒ์๋ 1.93.128.1 ~ 1.93.255.254์ด๋ค.
3. Public/Private IP address
3-1) ์ฌ์ค IP์ฃผ์ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ธฐ
Q. Which of the following IP addresses is a private address?
- 169.153.119.123
- 24.23.102.151
- 255.62.136.173
- 10.166.25.20
- 46.244.138.171
- 27.147.158.251
Answer : 10.166.25.20
ํ์ด) ์ฌ์ค IP ์ฃผ์๋ 3๊ฐ์ง ์ฃผ์ ๋์ญ์ผ๋ก ๊ณ ์ ์ด ๋๋ค. Class A๋ 10.0.0.0 ~ 10.255.255.255, Class B๋ 172.16.0.0 ~ 172.31.255.255, Class C๋ 192.168.0.0 ~ 192.168.255.255์ด๋ค. ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ค 10.166.25.20์ด Class A์ ์ํ๋ ์ฌ์ค IP ์ฃผ์์ด๋ค.
Q. Which of the following IP addresses is a private address?
- 222.9.230.144
- 135.167.134.35
- 172.32.0.5
- 27.157.141.96
- 172.16.0.2
- 129.244.78.149
- 137.223.167.235
Answer : 172.16.0.2
ํ์ด) ๋ณด๊ธฐ์ค 172.16.0.2๊ฐ Class B์ ์ํ๋ ์ฌ์ค IP ์ฃผ์์ด๋ค.
Q. Which of the following IP addresses is a private address?
- 108.246.233.231
- 146.227.105.173
- 59.155.254.18
- 253.29.133.220
- 192.168.20.253
- 94.152.104.99
Answer : 192.168.20.253
ํ์ด) ๋ณด๊ธฐ์ค 192.168.20.253 ๊ฐ Class C์ ์ํ๋ ์ฌ์ค IP ์ฃผ์์ด๋ค.
4. Transport Layer
4- 1) TCP/UDP ํน์ง
Q. Which of the following propositions is not true?
1. UDP is faster, simpler and more efficient than TCP
2. UDP only has the basic error control mechanism
3. UDP is a datagram oriented protocol
4. UDP does not support broadcasting
Answer : UDP does not support broadcasting
ํ์ด)
1. UDP๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ํ์ํ TCP์ ๋ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ ๊ฐ๋จํ ๋ฐฉ์์ด๋ค. ๋ํ ๋ธ๋ก๋์บ์คํธ(์ผ ๋ ๋ค)์ ๋ฉํฐ์บ์คํธ(๋ค ๋ ๋ค) ํต์ ์์ ํจ์จ์ ์ด๋ค.
2. ์ฒดํฌ์ฌ์ ์ด์ฉํ ์ค๋ฅ ์ ์ด ๋ฐฉ์๋ง ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ ์๋ค.
3. ์ด๋ฆ ๊ทธ ์์ฒด๋ก Datagram ํ๋กํ ์ฝ์ด๋ค
4. UDP๋ ๋ธ๋ก๋์บ์คํธ ํต์ ์ ์ง์ํ ๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ ํจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ค.
Q. Which of the following propositions is not true?
1. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol
2. TCP does not support broadcasting
3. TCP provides extended error checking mechanisms, because it provides flow control and data acknowledgement
4. Data sequencing is a TCP feature (this means that packets arrive in order in the recipient)
5. The delivery of data to the destination cannot be guaranteed in TCP
6. TCP is reliable because it guarantees the delivery of data to the router of the destination
Answer : The delivery of data to the destination cannot be guaranteed in TCP
ํ์ด)
1. TCP๋ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์ฑ๊ณตํด์ผ ํต์ ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ฐ๊ฒฐํ ํ๋กํ ์ฝ์ด๋ค.
2. TCP๋ ์ ๋์บ์คํธ(์ผ ๋ ์ผ) ํต์ ๋ง ์ง์ํ๋ค.
3. ํ๋ฆ ์ ์ด(Flow Control)๋ก ์์ง์์ ๋ฒํผ ์ค๋ฒํ๋ก์ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์งํ๊ณ ACK ๋ฒํธ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ํจํท์ด ๋์ฐฉํ๋์ง ํ์ธํ๋ ํ์ฅ๋ ์ค๋ฅ ๊ฒ์ถ ๋ฐฉ์์ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค.
4. TCP๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ TCP ํค๋๋ฅผ ๋ถํ๋ ๋ฐ TCP ํค๋์๋ ์ํ์ค ๋ฒํธ๊ฐ ๋ถ์ฌ ๋์ด์์ด ์์๊ฐ ์กด์ฌํ๋ค.
5. TCP๋ ์ก์ ํ ํจํท์ด ์ ๋๋ก ๋์ฐฉํ์ง ์์์ผ๋ฉด ์ฌ์ก์ ์ ์๊ตฌํจ์ผ๋ก ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ์ด ์๋ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์กํ๋ค.
6. 5๋ฒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ ๋ด์ฉ
Q. Which of the following propositions is not true?
1. UDP is faster, simpler and more efficient than TCP
2. UDP provides extended error checking mechanisms, because it provides flow control and data acknowledgement
3. UDP is a datagram oriented protocol
4. UDP supports broadcasting
Answer : UDP provides extended error checking mechanisms, because it provides flow control and data acknowledgement
Q. Which of the following propositions is not true?
1. TCP is a datagram oriented protocol
2. TCP does not support broadcasting
3. TCP provides extended error checking mechanisms, because it provides flow control and data acknowledgement
4. Data sequencing is a TCP feature (packets arrive in order in the recipient)
5. TCP is reliable because it guarantees the delivery of data to the router of the destination
6. TCP is comparatively slower than UDP
Answer : TCP is a datagram oriented protocol
Q. Which of the following services use UDP?
1. DHCP 2. SMTP 3. FTP 4. HTTP
- 3
- 1
- 2
- All of the above
Answer : 1
ํ์ด) UDP๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์๋น์ค: DNS, DHCP, TFTP, SNMP
TCP๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ๋ ์๋น์ค: HTTP, FTP, SMTP
5. Application Layer
5-1) DNS/DHCP ํน์ง
Q. ____ translates Internet domain names and host names into IP addresses
- Network time protocol
- Default routing protocol
- Domain name system
- OSI model system
Answer : Domain name system
Q. You want to implement a mechanism that automates IP configuration, including IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS information. What protocol will you use to achieve this?
- SNMP
- DHCP
- SMTP
- ARP
Answer : DHCP
Q. What DHCP protocol does it use at the transport layer level?
- ICMP
- TCP
- FTP
- UDP
Answer : UDP
ํ์ด) DHCP ํ๋กํ ์ฝ์ ๋ธ๋ก๋์บ์คํ ํต์ ์ด ํ์ํ๋ฏ๋ก ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง์ํด์ฃผ๋ UDP๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Q. What type of address is supported by DHCP?
- IPv4
- IPv6
- IPv4 and IPv6
- None of them
Answer : IPv4 and IPv6
Q. DHCP is used for ___
- IPv4
- Both IPv6 and IPv4
- IPv6
- None of the mentioned
Answer : Both IPv6 and IPv4
๋๊ธ